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您好！请问 old，elder，elderly 和 senior 这几个单词的用法。谢谢！
Julie
你能看出以下两个例句的不同之处吗？
Sarah is my elder sister.Sarah is my elderly sister.
Old，elder，elderly 和 senior 看似都与“老”有关，不过“老”这个概念是指年龄、资历，还是另有其它含义呢？本期《你问我答》将通过举例为大家详细讲解。其中大家需要掌握的一点是：old 是最常见的一个词，它和其它三个词的区别在于 — old 可以用来形容事物和人，而其它三个词几乎只能形容人。
欢迎你加入并和我们一起讨论英语学习的方方面面。请通过微博 @BBC英语教学 或邮件与我们取得联系。邮箱地址是 [email protected]。
（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）
Helen大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的《你问我答》节目，我是 Helen。这是一档帮助回答大家在英语学习时碰到疑问的节目。本期节目要回答的问题来自 Julie 同学。让我们来听一下。
Question您好！请问 old、elder、elderly 和 senior 这几个单词的用法。谢谢！
Helen这四个单词都有“老的、年长的”含义，但是根据不同的语境，它们在平时生活中的用法是不一样的。我们将通过举例的方式来帮助大家理解它们之间的区别。Julie 提到的 old 这个词应该是这四个词中最常见的一个词了。在形容人的时候，old 可以表示“上了年纪的”或者“几岁”。请听例句。
ExamplesMy father is getting old. His health is not as good as before.我的父亲年纪大了。他的健康状况没有以前那么好了。
My nephew is four years old.我的侄儿四岁了。
Helen大家需要注意的是 old 和名词搭配时，可以表示“老的、旧的、以前的、前任的”。不仅仅限于人，包括事物都可以用 old 来形容。比如：老房子 old house，旧衣服 old clothes，过时的话题 old topic，前任男友 old boyfriend 等等。请听例句。
ExamplesI found my old toys in the attic.我在屋顶阁楼里发现了我的旧玩具。
I went out with friends from university last night. It was just like old times.昨晚我和大学同学聚会，就像回到了从前一样。
Helen接下来我们来看看 elder 和 elderly 这两个词。它们仅限于描述人。我们经常在谈论家庭关系时用到 elder，它是一个正式用语，作为形容词的时候意思是“年长的”，形容“家庭同辈中年龄大一些的那位成员”。Elderly 在拼写上多两个字母，作为形容词时的意思和 old 是一样的，和 old 的区别在于 elderly 更加礼貌，表示“年迈的、高龄的”。我们在英语中经常听到 elderly 的一些词组搭配，比如：elderly patient 年纪大的病人，elderly parents 高龄的父母等等。请听以下例句。
ExamplesSarah is my elder sister.Sarah is my elderly sister.
Helen第一个例句的意思是“Sarah 是我的姐姐 my elder sister”。这里可以用 older 替代 elder ，意思是一样的。第二个例句的句意则是“Sarah 是我年迈的姐姐 my elderly sister”。 姐姐不仅年龄比我大，而且已经是老年人了。所以对听者来说，这两句话的意思是不一样的。
Helen最后我们来看看 senior 这个词，作为形容词的时候它的含义包括“资深的、级别或地位较高的”。我们经常在工作、学习场景中听到这个词。比如：
ExamplesThe company is promoting more women into senior manager roles.公司正在提拔更多的女性职员成为高级经理。
Paul is a member of the senior tennis squad.Paul 是高年级组网球队的成员之一。
Helen在大多数的工作和学习场景中，要体现出“资深的或者高级别的”含义，都能用 senior 来表达。
Senior 还会出现在一种场景。有父母给自己的孩子取了和自己一样的名字，那么为了区别两人，就在年长的那位的名字后面加上 senior。比如：美国历史上有两位布什总统，老布什总统就是 George Bush senior。
Helen以上我们对 old，elder，elderly 和 senior 这四个词作为形容词时的含义和用法做了讲解。除了 old 和 elderly 只是形容词之外，elder 和 senior 还可以作为名词。
Elder 指“年长的人”，尤其是在社会群体里有名望的人。比如：
ExampleJohn is very well respected in the community. He is a village elder.John 在社区里非常受大家尊重。他是村里的长老。
HelenSenior 作为名词时可以表示“年龄的差异”，“上级、上司”，或者“退了休的老年人”。比如：
ExamplesPeter is just a few years my senior.Peter 就比我大几岁。
It’s important to have the of your seniors at work.在公司里有上级领导的支持很重要。
These homes are built for retired seniors.这些房子是给退休老人修建的。
Helen好了，在节目结束前，我们简单地总结一下 — “old”可以形容事物和人，其中常用的含义包括“上了年纪、几岁、时间很久了、旧的、前任的”等等。形容词“elder 年长的”和“elderly 年迈的、高龄的”是礼貌用语，只适用于形容人。“Senior” 一般形容“级别高的、资历深的”，多数情况下适用于和人相关的场景。如果你在英语学习时碰到疑问，欢迎和我们联系。我们的邮箱是 [email protected]，感谢收听，我是 Helen。下次节目再见！
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Learn ways to improve your vocabulary
What is the difference between 'been to' and 'gone to'?
Learn the difference between and usage of these two words
What is it that makes these two words different?
A phrase to indicate to a specific point or to a certain degree
Learn these two words and their differences
These words refer to a reference book
Learn the differences between successive, continuous and consecutive
Three similar words often used to describe art
There are several ways of talking about things that cost a lot of money. Check out these three
A programme to explain the difference between ‘drop’ and ‘fall’
You’ll probably use one of these words when something goes wrong. But do you know their differences? Find out in this programme
Whether you are thinking about changing your look or moving house, you can use words that starts with ‘trans-‘
Learn the difference between these two words
Learn the English names for some commonly-used household furniture
The primary objective of this Q and A session is to help you understand the main differences between these words
What is the etiquette for formal dinners? Listen to our expert and learn some useful tips
These three words share similar meanings, but also have differences in usage. Which one do you think is the most commonly used?
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