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I am confused by the use of the following words: shabby, beat-up, scruffy and ropey. Could you please compare them for me?
网友“弓长牙儿”
Shabby、beat-up、scruffy 和 ropey 都是英语口语中常用到的形容词。
Shabby 和 beat-up 都有“破旧的”意思，shabby 指“因使用时间过长或是不爱惜而变得破旧”；beat-up 是因为“过度使用而造成磨损，变得破旧”；scruffy 常用来形容人的衣着、外表、形象“不整洁，邋遢”；shabby 也可以用于形容人的衣着“破旧”；ropey 指“质量有问题”，它更口语化，也用来形容某人“身体感觉不舒服”。
我们通过生活场景例句帮助大家理解这几个词的不同之处。
欢迎你加入并和我们一起讨论英语学习的方方面面。请通过微博 @BBC英语教学 或邮件与我们取得联系。邮箱地址是 [email protected]。
（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）
Feifei 大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的《你问我答》节目，我是冯菲菲。在本集节目中我们要回答的英语问题来自网友“弓长牙儿”。
Question I am confused by the use of the following words: shabby, beat-up, scruffy and ropey. Could you please compare them for me?
Feifei 谢谢“弓长牙儿”发来的这个问题。Shabby，beat-up，scruffy 和 ropey 这四个形容词都有“破旧、质量不好”的含义，的确很容易给我们造成困惑。
我们先来看 shabby 和 beat-up。这两个词都可以用来形容“东西破旧”，但是造成这些东西“破旧”的原因才是这两个词的区别之处。Shabby 强调“因使用时间过长或是不爱惜而造成的破旧”；beat-up 是非正式用语，形容物品“因过度使用而被磨损或是处于失修的状态”。
举个例子：有两个看上去很破、很旧的沙发。一个是 Helen 的，她的三个孩子每天都在沙发上打闹玩耍，因而沙发很快就变得“beat-up 破旧了”；另一个沙发是小王的，她工作繁忙总是出差，自己的房子和房子里的家具常年没人打扫，虽然没人用但是时间一长也变得“shabby 破旧了”。
把这两个词放在一起记，相对就会容易些。“Shabby”是因为使用时间过长，而“beat-up”是因为使用过度。我们先来听几个含有 shabby 的例句。
Examples This classroom hasn’t been used for a long time. It’s looking shabby. 这间教室很久都没用了，看着很破旧。
The curtains are looking shabby; you should get a new pair. 这对窗帘看着很旧了，你应该换新的了。
Feifei 在这里需要大家注意的 shabby 除了形容物品，还可以用来形容人的穿着“破旧”。请听例句。
Example He’s wearing a pair of shabby jeans. 他穿了一条破旧的牛仔裤。
Feifei 下面再来听几个含有 beat-up 的例句。
Examples I have a beat-up old mobile phone. 我有一部破旧不堪的手机。
Simon arrived at his parent’s house in his beat-up car. 西蒙是开着他的旧车到了他父母家。
Feifei 现在我们来说说形容词 scruffy，它的意思是“不整洁的、邋遢的、乱糟糟的、有点脏的”。我们经常使用 scruffy 来形容人的衣着和外表。请听例句。
Examples It’s rude to turn up in scruffy clothes at a formal dinner party. 在正式宴会场合穿着邋遢是很不礼貌的。
He’s wearing a pair of scruffy jeans. 他穿着一条脏兮兮的牛仔裤。
Feifei 最后咱们来看看单词 ropey。Ropey 是英式英语中的一个非正式说法，它有两种拼写方式，r-o-p-e-y 和 r-o-p-y，意思是“质量不好的”。Ropey 和 shabby、beat-up 之间的区别是它强调东西本身的“质量有问题”。请听两个含有“ropey”的例句。
Examples Your bike lock looks a bit ropey; you should change it. 你的自行车锁质量看着不怎么样，你应该换一把。
You can tell the quality of the work is ropey; not worth the price tag. 你一看就知道这个东西做工质量有问题，不值这个价钱。
Feifei 另外形容词 ropey 还可以用于对人的状态和感觉进行描述，意思是“感觉不好，身体不舒服”。请听一个例句。
Example I am not sure but why I’m feeling a bit ropey. 我不知道我为什么感到有点儿不舒服。
Feifei 好了，我们来简单地总结一下这几个单词之间的区别：shabby 和 beat-up 都有“破旧的”意思，shabby 形容“使用时间过长或是不爱惜而造成的破旧”，同时 shabby 也可以用于形容人的衣着“破旧”； beat-up 形容“过度使用而造成的磨损，显得破旧”，beat-up 是这几个单词当中唯一一个不能用来形容人的；scruffy 多用来形容人的衣着、外貌“不整洁、邋遢”；而 ropey 是英式口语说法，意思是“质量差的”，它还可以用于形容某人“身体不舒服”。
再次感谢网友“弓长牙儿”发来的这个问题。如果你在英语学习中遇到疑问，欢迎和我们联系。你可以把问题可以发送到 [email protected]。同时也欢迎你通过微博“BBC英语教学”和我们交流。谢谢收听本集《你问我答》节目，我是冯菲菲。下次节目再见！
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Do you know the difference between tissue and paper?
Find out the ‘purpose’ of this programme
A phrase to describe the place you feel at home
Learn ways to improve your vocabulary
What is the difference between 'been to' and 'gone to'?
Learn the difference between and usage of these two words
What is it that makes these two words different?
A phrase to indicate to a specific point or to a certain degree
Learn these two words and their differences
These words refer to a reference book
Learn the differences between successive, continuous and consecutive
Three similar words often used to describe art
There are several ways of talking about things that cost a lot of money. Check out these three
A programme to explain the difference between ‘drop’ and ‘fall’
You’ll probably use one of these words when something goes wrong. But do you know their differences? Find out in this programme
Whether you are thinking about changing your look or moving house, you can use words that starts with ‘trans-‘
Learn the difference between these two words
Learn the English names for some commonly-used household furniture
The primary objective of this Q and A session is to help you understand the main differences between these words
What is the etiquette for formal dinners? Listen to our expert and learn some useful tips
These three words share similar meanings, but also have differences in usage. Which one do you think is the most commonly used?
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